A
Because their way of behaving is different from ours, people of other lands may appear to us to be lacking in manners. But other societies have rules that often put to shame our most formal behavior. In simpler societies, such as those of some South Sea Islanders, American Indians, or many African people, there are strict rules for certain occasions.
Whether you do or do not open a gift in the presence of the giver, whether you put on your coat before or after you leave the host's house, whether you eat as quietly or as noisily as possible, whether you carry on a conversation during a meal－these and a thousand other customs vary from country to country.The idea behind all codes (准则) of behavior is to make life flow smoothly. No one way of behaviors is right or wrong, and no one way can be called “good” or “bad” manners except as a society defines it so.
All societies have styles of greetings that are ways of establishing contact. When in another country, it is a good idea to find out when you should address people by the local expression for “Good morning” or “How do you do” and when you can use the less formal local expression of “Hello” or “Hi”．The rules may be tricky (难对付的), as one woman missionary found when someone finally told her that for a month she had been using a greeting considered proper only for men. The use of “How do you do” among English­speaking peoples is a greeting, not a question, and it calls for a ritual (例行的) reply “How do you do”. It is incorrect to answer with a list of one's aches and pains.
1．The passage mainly talks about ________.
A．how to be friendly to a foreigner when you first meet him (her)
B．why we have so many rules in the world
C．some rules change from country to country
D．English­speaking peoples always have good manners
解析：选C。不同的国家有不同的礼节，而A、B、D三项太片面，范围狭窄。
2．No one way of behavior is right or wrong because ________.
A．there are strict rules in many Africa countries
B．thousands of old customs have changed
C．different society defines it differently
D．life cannot flow smoothly
解析：选C。从第二段最后一句可以看出。
3．Usually when you are in another country, it is a necessary to know ________.
A．how to use local formal expressions
B．when to use proper expressions
C．when to establish contact with people
D．how to express yourself
解析：选D。从第三段开始两句可以看出。
4．The woman mentioned in the passage was impolite when she greeted everyone with an address ________.
A．proper only for old men and women
B．correct for English­speaking peoples
C．suitable only for men
D．proper only for American Indians
解析：选C。从第三段中“she had been using a greeting considered proper only for men”一句可看出。
B
Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don't talk.Gestures are the “silent language” of every culture.We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.
In the United States, people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak, it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder，some people，usually women，greet a friend with a hug (拥抱)．
Space is important to Americans.When two people talk to each other, they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle, so they are not facing each other directly.Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close.They will move back to have their space.If Americans touch another person by accident，they say，“Pardon me.” or “Excuse me.”Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don't do so, it means you are bored, hiding something，or are not interested.But when you stare at someone, it is not polite.
For Americans，thumbs­up means yes, very good, or well done.Thumbs­down means the opposite.To call a waiter, raise one hand to head level or above.To show you want the check, make a movement with your hands as if you are singing a piece of paper.It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger.Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.
Learning a culture's body language is sometimes confusing(困惑的)．If you don't know what to do, the safest thing to do is to smile.
5．From the first paragraph we can learn that ________.
A．gestures don't mean anything while talking
B．gestures can help us to express ourselves
C．we can learn a language well without body language
D．only American people can use gestures
解析：选B。推理判断题。从文章的第一段，尤其是Gestures are the “silent language” of every culture.可以推出手势能帮助人们沟通。
6．If you are introduced to a stranger from the USA，you should ________.
A．greet him with a hug
B．place a hand on his shoulder
C．shake his hand firmly
D．shake his hand weakly
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第一句和The handshake must be firm可知。
7．If you talk with an American friend，it's polite to ________.
A．look up and down at your friend
B．look at the other person in the eyes
C．hide your opinion
D．look at your watch now and then
解析：选B。推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you ...”可知。
8．When your friend gives you the thumbs­up，he，in fact, ________.
A．shows his rudeness to you
B．shows his anger to you
C．expresses his satisfaction to you
D．expresses his worries about you
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句For Americans, thumbs­up means yes，very good，or well done.可知。A 
All of us communicate with one another nonverbally (不使用语言地), as well as with words. Most of the time we're not aware that we're doing it. We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else's eyes and look away, change positions in a chair. These actions we think are occasional(偶然的). However in recent years researchers have discovered that there is a system to them almost as consistent(一致的) and understandable as language.
One important kind of body language is eye behavior. Americans are careful about how and when they meet one another's eye. In our normal conversation, each eye contact lasts only about a second before one or both of us look away. When two Americans look searchingly into each other's eyes, they become more intimate. Therefore, we carefully avoid this, except in suitable situations.
Researchers who are studying communication through body movement are not prepared to spell out a precise vocabulary of gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he is disagreeing with someone or refusing something. But there are other possible interpretations (解释), too. Another example: when a student in conversation with a professor holds the older man's eyes a little longer than it is usual, it can be a sign of respect; it can be a challenge to the professor's authority (权威); it can be something else entirely. The researchers look for patterns in the situation, not for a separate meaningful gesture.
Communication between human beings would be just dull if it were all done with words.
1．The main idea of this article is that _____.
A．study of communication through body movement is a new science
B．body movements are as important as words in communication
C．all of us communicate with one another

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