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高考英语备考:主谓一致讲解及强化训练

时间: 2016-10-11 08:06; 作者: dy  电脑版浏览

  在英语中,谓语动词要与句子主语一致。一般来讲,主语是复数,谓语动词则用非第三人称单数;主语是单数,谓语动词则用第三人称单数。如:
  (1) All the carpets are made of pure wood.所有的毯子均用纯羊毛做的。
  (2) Is your companion waiting for you? 你的同事在等你吗?
  1、有些名词作为主语,在形式上为单数,但谓语动词要用非第三人称单数。
  如:The police are after the thief. 警察在追贼。
  2.有些名词作为主语,在形式上为复数,但谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
  如:Maths is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的课程。
  3.有些名词作为主语,要先判断它们在句子中是单数还是复数,再决定谓语动词是用第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数。
  如:(1) Is your family a large one?你们家是个大家庭吗?(family 在本句中是单数)。
  (2)My family get up early on weekdays. 在工作日我家的人起床很早. (family在本句中是复数)。
  4. 如主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, but, like, except等引起的短语,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。
  如: Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.只有小李和小王在那里。
  5.当一个句子有两个主语,而它们又是由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接起来时,谓语通常与最近的主语一致。
  如:Not only you but also he has been to Cairo.你和他都去过开罗。
  6. 其它一些用法:neither of, either of及each of 连接的词组作主语时,句子的谓语动词应是第三人称单数形式,但前两个短语在口语中也可用非第三人称单数形式。
  如:(1)Either of us has learned the new textbook.我们两人都学过这种新教材。
  (2)Neither of you know(s) the answer.你们俩都不知道这个答案。
  7.短语more than one + 名词作主语,谓语动词多用第三人称单数形式,但也有非第三人称单数表达的。
  如:More than one team enter(s) for the relay race.不只是一个队报名参加接力赛。
  8.在百分数、分数等后面,如果跟可数名词,动词用非第三人称单数;如果跟不可数名词,动词用非第三人称单数形式。
  如:55 percent of the students are girls in our school. 我校百分之五十五的学生是女生。
  80 percent of the work has been done.百分之八十的工作已经做好。
  词组one and a half后面虽是复数名词,谓语动词还是要用第三人称单数形式。
  如:One and a half aspirins is left in the bottle.瓶里有一片半的阿斯匹林。
  9.在四则运算中,主语是数词,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
  如:(1) Two plus two is four二加二是四
  (2) Two times two is four二乘二是四
  但是用and 连接,谓语动词常用非第三人称单数形式。
  如:Two and two are four二加二是四。
  10.如果一个句子由there或here引起,而主语又不只有一个,那么谓语动词的数由第一个主语的单、复数形式决定:如果第一个主语是单数,那么谓语动词则用第三人称单数形式;如果第一个主语是复数,那么谓语动词则用非第三人称单数形式。
  如:There is a supermarket and many other shops here.这儿有一个超级市场和一些别的商店。
  11.None 作为主语,谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。
  如:None has/have seen the effect of such a sunset.没人见过这种日落的效果。
  12. 在主语从句中,整个句子作主语,一般视 为单数形式,谓语动词也一般用第三人称单数形式。但有时由what引起的主语从句,谓语动词用第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数形式,随意思而定。
  如:(1). What he said is correct. 他说的话是对的。
  (2). What she left me are a few books. 他给我留下的只是几本书。
  13.非谓语动词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
  如:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
  14.表示时间、重量、长度、价值、金钱、距离等的名词作主语,尽管是复数形式,但它们一般作为整体看待,动词一般也要用第三人称单数形。
  如:One hundred li was covered in a single night.
  强化训练
  1.Three______ died in the terrible fire in Luo yang last winter.
  A. hundreds people B. hundred people
  C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples
  解析:选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s。
  2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
  A. is handing out B. are to hand out
  C. are handing out D. is to hand out
  解析:选D. 当either …or 连接两个并列主语时,句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
  3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
  A. am B. is C. are D. be
  解析:选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词,其先行词是I ,所以谓语动词要用am。
  4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _____ in Beijing of China, which _____ known to us all.
  A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was
  C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is
  解析:选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为:奥运会,谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式;后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
  5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
  A. were; it B. are; them
  C. was; it D. is; them
  解析:选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语,a lot of rubbish(不可数名词),因此后面谓语动词要用单数。
  6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
  A. is exploited B. are exploited
  C. had exploited D. have exploited
  解析:选A. 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意,此处要用被动语态。
  7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
  A. is B. was C. are D. were
  解析:选A. 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
  8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
  A. are B. are going to be
  C. is D. is to be
  解析:选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词,作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
  9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
  A. is B. are C. was D. were
  解析:选B. both----and---连接两个并列主语时,句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。
  10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?
  A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
  解析:选C. either 是主语部分的中心词,助动词要与either在数上保持一致。
  11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
  A. is B. are C. have D. has
  解析:选B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定,此处要用非第三人称单数形式。
  12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
  A. are watching B. is watching
  C. is seeing D. are seeing
  解析:选A.此处family指家里的各个成员,所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。
  13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
  A. was B. were C. have been D. would be
  解析:选A. 此处nothing句子的主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
  14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
  A. were B. was C. is D. sits
  解析:选A. 此句为倒装句,句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.
  15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
  A. are not preserved B. is not preserved
  C. were preserved D. have not been preserved
  解析:选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.
  16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
  A. have B. had C. have been D. has been
  解析:选D. 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。
  17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
  A. going to be B. / C. is D. that
  解析:选C. 本句是主语从句,缺谓语,所以要用第三人称单数形式。
  18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
  A. is covered B. is covering
  C. were covered D. are covered
  解析:选A. 本句缺谓语,主语percent后面是不可数名词,所以要用第三人称单数形式。
  19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
  A. being B. are C. was D. were
  解析:选B. 本句的表语是复数形式,所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。
  20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
  A. are B. is C. am D. were
  解析:选C. 根据就近一致性原则,谓语用am。
  21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.
  A. have told B. tells C. were told D. was told
  解析:选B. 本句的主语是书名,从整体考虑,谓语是第三人称单数形。
  22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
  A. were B. are C. is D. am
  解析:选B. 用and连接两个并列主语时,谓语用非第三人称单数形。
  23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
  A are telling B. is telling
  C. are given D. were given
  解析:选B. 本句主语是同一个人,谓语用第三人称单数形式。
  24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
  A. rots away B. rot away
  C. has rotted away D. are rotted away
  解析:选B. 本句主语是tons, 是复数形式,rot是不及物动词,不可用被动形式。
  25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
  A. is cleaning B. are cleaning
  C. were cleaning D. have cleaned
  解析:选A. 本句主语Mayor是单数形式,谓语用第三人称单数形式。
  26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln. A. have known B. knows
  C. is known D. are known
  解析:选B.主语many a student 意思是复数,形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。
  27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.
  A. were B. has been C. had been D. was
  解析:选D. 主语works 是集合名词,当成整体考虑,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。.
  28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’?”
  “______ .”
  A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us have
  C. None of us has D. None of us did
  解析:选C. 因为问句是完成时态,答句要用完成时态回答,另外主语不可用nobody of us.
  29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.
  A. were advancing B. were advanced
  C. was advancing D. advancing
  解析:选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。
  30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.
  A. is enjoy B. were enjoying
  C. enjoys D. enjoy
  解析:选C. 本句主语是不定代词everyone,为单数主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。
 
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