表达虚拟语气的情态动词 对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,用情态动词+have done这一结构,常用的有以下几个情态动词:
(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。例如:
(NMET2008江苏)—I’m sorry. I _________at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted
【解析】对不起,我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。
【答案】B
(2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如:
(NMET2008山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed
C. could manage D. can have managed
【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作,已经完成,故排除A、C两项,再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I don’t think…,故说话者想表达的意思是:离开了你,我们本不可能完成这项工作。
【答案】B
(3) needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。例如:
①(NMET2005福建)—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。
【答案】B
②(NMET2007上海春)The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假,所以我们明天不必再去上班。
【答案】C
(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如:
(NMET2001上海春)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件,相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。
【答案】D
(5) might have done表示“本来可能……”,但实际上没有发生的事。例如:
(NMET2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.
A. need have done B. must have done
C. can have done D. might have done
【解析】真是可惜!考虑到他的能力和经验,他本来可以做得更好的。
【答案】D
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