1. break away (from) (1) 突然逃掉或离开。如:
The thief broke away from the policeman. 小偷从警察那逃脱了。
(2) 断绝往来,脱离。如:
He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来。
(3) 改掉(旧习惯),破除(旧作法)。如:
You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯。
2. break down (1) (机器、车辆等)坏了。如:
The car broke down after an hour’s driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了。
(2) (计划、谈判等)失败。如:
Our plans have broken down. 我们的计划已失败了。
(3) (谈话、通讯等)中断。如:
He broke down as he was singing. 他没唱完就突然停住了。
(4) (健康、精神等)变坏。如:
Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把他的身体弄垮了。
3. break in (1) 突然进来,强行进入。如:
He broke in and stole my money. 他闯进来偷了我的钱。
(2) 插嘴,打岔。如:
He broke in with some ideas of his own. 他插话谈了自己的一些想法。
Please don’t break in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话。
The secretary broke in to say that a telegram had just arrived. 秘书插话说刚收到一个电报。
注:以上用法的 break in 通常是不及物的,但有时也用作及物动词,带宾语,表示:训练某人(物),使某人(物)适应。如:
He is breaking in the new man as a machine operator. 我在训练那个新工人操作机器。
Two weeks in the new office should be enough to break you in. 在新办公室上两星期的班便足以让你适应了。
4. break into (1) 强行进入。如:
The thieves planned to break into a bank. 这些小偷计划闯银行。
(2) 突然……起来。如:
Hearing the news, she broke into tears. 听到这个消息,她就哭了起来。
The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那个人一看到警察,拨腿就跑。
(3) 打断,插嘴。如:
He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning. 他大声警告,打断了讨论。
(4) 占用时间。如:
Social activities break into my time. 社会活动占去了我的时间。
注:break into 与 break in 的有时可表示相同的意思,但前者通常为及物的,后者通常为不及物的。
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