针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1、根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 【例一】anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是 研究人类的科学 。 【例二】In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是 困境 。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
2、根据复述猜测词义 虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。 1)同位语 【例一】Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 此例逗号中短语意为 对词意义进行研究的学科 。该短语与前面生词semanties是同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指 语义学 。 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号、和括号等。 【例二】Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义 电容量。需要注意的是:同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other等副词或短语出现。 2)定语从句 【例如】Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings. 根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出SAD含义,即 季节性情绪紊乱症 。
3、根据举例猜测词义 恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。 【例如】The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
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