1)对立法先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。
[1] When asked about..., the vast/overes to ...., some people believe that. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverseis true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to theformer/latter.
[3] Nomonly/generally/ing to realize/accept/(be ae increasingly aplete plains as this.....
5)比较法通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。
[1] For years, ...had been viewed as .... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing..., people ....
[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new idea.
6)故事法先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。少用!
[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt..... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. [2] I have a friend who ... Should he ....? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our dailylife.
[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has arealistic significance now.